Classification of Outsourcing

Classification of Outsourcing Outsourcing can be classified as moving all or part of an organizations activity to a third party business. The activity could be in the form of producing a good or the performance of a service. In some type of industries, outsourcing may well be the only feasible business model, either for all businesses or for a subgroup of businesses. The general example is newspapers outsourcing their news gathering service (especially, collecting information in other countries) to Third party service providers such as Reuters and the Associated Press. (Varadarajan, R. 2009) Outsourcing is one of the measures a company takes to cut costs by moving their jobs to an outside vendor on an ongoing basis. The organisation was providing these services internally before outsourcing them to the third party vendor. A company that effectively engages in cost cutting would be in a better position in the market. Companies with low cost leadership are able to gain the potential market share. (Oza, A., and K. H ill. 2007) Outsourcing is a trend that will carry on over a period time. Cost reduction cannot be the only motivation for outsourcing since cost reductions is only possible in specific conditions, e.g. the third party provider is be able to achieve economies of scale that the outsourcer does not. Business do not simply indulge in the process of outsourcing to perform the same task at lower cost, as this could be achieved through reorganising internal activities.(Quà ©lin, B. Duhamel, F. 2003) Businesses have hired vendors for particular jobs or to level off peaks and troughs in their workloads for years. In the recent years outsourcing has been employed with great success by companies such as General Electric and Procter Gamble. Even though in general most companies would indulge in outsourcing to either cut costs or reduce the head count, today the drivers are more strategic and it focuses on keeping value-added activities in house where an organization can better utilize its own core competencies. Many companies are discovering that outsourcing is about corporate growth, making better use of skilled staff and even job creation, not just cheap wages abroad. (Brent, P. 2009) Based on the above arguments there are two types criteria that a company would bear in mind before making any decisions on outsourcing. The first is known as tactical outsourcing wherein the decision is often taken based on cost with no consideration to other benefits or risks associated with that decision. The second is strategic outsourcing where other aspects are taken into consideration. These include quality improvements and unavailability of resources. (Espino-Rodrà ­guez, T.F. Padrà ³n-Robaina, V. 2004). There are also some possible disadvantages of outsourcing if not done correctly. Outsourcing has to be done for the right reasons as mentioned above. The company has to carefully assess the possible benefits which could be in the form of cost reduction or increased customer satisfaction before making any decisions on outsourcing. Some of the other possible disadvantages could be losing staffs that have been trained in the process that may be outsourced or failure to meet th e desired criterion as agreed by the third party vendor. (Jones 1997) It is true that there some disadvantages associated with the process of outsourcing but a carefully crafted rational decision based on logical thoughts would help companies to get the extra bit of competitive advantage through lower cost disciplines, at the same time improving their quality of service and product delivery capability (Domberger, 1998). Globalization is the key word and today companies compete in the global market and not in regional or national market. The new developments in information and technology means that production processes could be separated in and place. Also customers have a wide range of products to choose from and this in turn would reduce customer loyalty. All this adds to complexity and one response to above changing needs is outsourcing. (Pedersen, H.S. Jenster, P.V. 2000). Outsourcing was first observed in the manufacturing industry, and China was the front runner in terms of attracting jobs and foreign investment. In this phase of outsourcing, it was noticed that organisation in order to take the advantage of cheap labour would set up its manufacturing plant in the Far East or Mexico. As outsourcing become more widespread, more and more functions were capable of being outsourced. The biggest upsurge in outsourcing was observed when service activities were outsourced. What began as a process for cutting costs has evolved into a means of growing a companys business value. Transferring non-core company processes off to experts not only helps in delivering increased efficiencies, it delivers the potential for enhanced performance. The important thing is to combine the right people, processes, and technologies to gain maximum efficiency and achieve competitive advantage. (Oza, A., and K. Hill. 2007) International Data Corporation (IDC) has done some analysis of the top outsourcing deals in the current years and the data reveals contract expenditures of almost U.S. $56 billion. The scale of outsourcing has reached astonishing proportions, as seen in the case of Fiats U.S. $7 billion deal and NTLs U.S. $2 billion deal with IBMs Global Services. (Kakabadse, A. Kakabadse, N. 2005) Outsourcing worldwide has now topped US $ 1 trillion per annum. (Oza, A., and K. Hill. 2007) In the service industry, outsourcing was initially restricted to basic support activities but recently outsourcing has entered all non-core service functions. In 1997, 34% of enterprises. Outsourced all or part of their information technology (IT) and this proportion is expected to increase to 58 % by the year 2010. Similar increases are expected for activities such as telecommunication, accounting and human resources. (Oza, A., and K. Hill. 2007) Outsourcing has evolved in the past few years and a new industry called Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) has come to age. It is expected to be â€Å"the next big wave† in information technology services. Business process outsourcing is a more specialised form of outsourcing in which an entire business process, such as accounting, procurement or human resources, is handed to a third party vendor(RAMMOHAN RAO. 2004). According to Gartner Group, which is one of the top IT consulting firms, a BPO can be defined as delegating one or more business processes to an third party provider which in turn owns, facilitates and manages the particular process based on a clear and measurable performance criteria. As per a study done by International data corporation the BPO market is expected to reach 1 .2 trillion in the coming years. In terms of market share the United States leads the BPO market followed by Europe and the Asia pacific region. (Yang et al 2007). Call centres constitute the biggest part of this BPO market. (RAMMOHAN RAO. 2004) â€Å"Call centres are defined by Richardson and Gillespie (2003, pp. 88-89) as having three distinct characteristics: 1. workers are employed in specialist activities which put together telecommunications and information systems technologies; 2. Their work is administered by automated technology which virtually simultaneously distributes work, manages the speed of that work and monitors their performance; and 3. Workers are directly interacting with the customer either through in-bound calls, making out-bound calls or a combination of the two.† The National Association of Call Centres, a non-profit organization serving the call centre industry, categories different sectors in the call centre industry. These are: 1. financial services/banking/insurance; 2. telecommunications; 3. medical services 4. government 5. directory services/job placement (Jobs et al. 2007) According to industry estimates, there were over 300,000 call centres worldwide at the end of 2002, employing around 18m people. (RAMMOHAN RAO. 2004) Call centres can in the form of contact centres which are part of the company (‘‘inhouse call centres) or Third party call centres (‘‘service bureaux) which interacts with customers on behalf of several companies. Basically, with the help of call centres companies try to provide an extended form of customer service, and try to ensure their clients satisfaction and commitment (Zapf et al 2003). Employees in call centres are not just taking out-bound and in-bound calls, but they would also interact with customers through e-mails and online chat as well. With the advent of technology customers are increasingly using email to correspond and there are incentives to do so since there is no charge for postage and emails can be easily stored. The advancement in IT systems enables a customer service agent to interact with customers through voice and email and service both at the same time. Online chat is a real time text conversation between agent the customer. E-mail and chat service may be used by clients who cannot use a traditional telephone due to disability. (Irish 2000) Outsourcing in financial service industry Financial Services Industry at the Forefront The financial industry is not new to idea of outsourcing, and its use, prompted by need to lower cost and the need to focus on core business area, is increasing sharply. As per a report, 15% of the financial services sector in the US, which is approximately about $356bn, would be outsourced in the next few years. The growth in this sector would help in reducing cost for certain services provided by the financial institution and at the same time would help in increasing efficiency. (Singh, D. 2005). A study conducted of 31 European banks reported that the majority intended to increase their level of outsourcing, particularly of BPO. Banks that already opted for BPO had a strong focus on efficiency while mostly ignoring the impact of BPO on the effectiveness of business processes (Gewald, H. Dibbern, J. 2009). There has been a growth of 15% to 20% in revenues from outsourcing activities in the financial institution. Even very large Financial Institution that have stayed away from outs ourcing activities are now moving towards it for greater efficiency. According to estimates nearly half of all financial institutions have outsourced at least a part of their services functions. (Lowell, M. 1992.) They are now concentrating on core competencies (activities or services which provide a strategic advantage or competitive edge) and outsourcing other activities to the best or most efficient provider of a product or service. To be sure, adopting an outsourcing approach impacts an organization dramatically. Prior to analyzing this impact, it is important to understand the trends within outsourcing. (Siemers, R. 19 95). The financial services industry was among the first industries to adopt large campus-style call centres. Customers needing information about their bank account or information on their credit card balance are likely to get an odd look if they call into a branch and ask for help instead of picking up a phone and getting in touch with their banks call centre. Just as banks and insurance firms were quick to see the potential for saving money by consolidating branch office functions in a central call centre, they have also been the first to look further afield in an effort to cut costs. (www.callcenteroutboundcalls.com) Most companies in the financial services industry started their own call centre known as captive call centres. Captive call centres require huge capital investment and at the same time cost involved in running the centre is very high. In captive call centres all the capital expenses such as infrastructure development are borne by the parent company, third-party call center services outsourcing firms do not require businesses to do so. Third-party call center services outsourcing firms, especially those that have been operational for more than five years, have their own infrastructure, systems, and equipment and they do not charge businesses for these. So, choosing a third-party call center service would help the parent company to save plenty in terms of capital investments. (Figgat, D. Dove, M. 2008) Third-party vendors are usually preferred over captive outfits because of substantially lower costs, flexibility and the ability to enforce price and quality competition. (www.infotech.indiatimes.com) Banks and financial institutions depend upon telephone call centers to meet the needs of a changing and ever more demanding consumer for 24/7 access. Call centers serve as a source of service recovery, added value, market intelligence, and strategic advantage. (Feinberg et al 2002) The call centre industry is a very big industry and there are a lot of companies that handle projects for majority of the banks and financial institution. These companies have to make distinct marketing strategies so that they could approach banks and financial institution for outsourcing. Through this project we are trying to identify what strategies a call centre needs to have in place if they are to receive projects from banks and financial institution. GEM is a call centre based in Belfast and this project would help in developing a marketing fit for GEM position it as a key customer contact service provider for the UK financial market. Information about Gem It is one of the leading providers of outsourced customer service via email, telephone, sms and live chat and in Europe and they operate in 29 different languages. It is considered to be one of the primary developers of best practices in contact centres in U.K. Gem was originally designed to provide services for outsourced email handling and was essentially an email ‘call centre. Since then, the company has extended its range of activities and now provides services which include customer care, technical support and sales to back office processing. In addition to providing different kinds of services in multiple languages, gem captures important customer and staff feedback and uses this unique information to consult on enhancing a clients brand. Exports account for 98% of gems business, which includes 38% to the US, 38% to the UK and 15% to mainland Europe. Gems has a wide range of client base from media, e-commerce, travel, hi-tech and government sectors. Current customers include Cisco Systems, King.com, Match.com, Microsoft, Play.com and Channel 4 television. In terms of certification Gem was accredited with ISO 9001:2000 in October 2006.Since the company has been operating its business with such high values and they are also one of the major players in the BPO industry in U.K. they have received some industry awards to name a few. 1) Belfast Business Top 50, Belfast Media Group 2) Gold Award Winner for Best Online Customer Service Team (Figleaves), People in Retail Awards 3) Gold Award Winner for best UK Call Centre Manager of the Year Awards, Call Centre Management Association (www.the-gem.com) To segment, identify and profile the key players in the financial market within United Kingdom. U.K has one of the most varied and competitive financial services sectors in the world with both specialist and non-bank providers offering services such as credit cards, insurance and loans. (Farquhar, J. Panther, T. 2008). The financial services industry is going through a massive change and is fast becoming highly competitive. Traditional players are offering new services to protect their client base and at the same time are competing with new players for a share in the financial services market. The industry in particular is going through a change and new tools, techniques and services have been developed which were traditionally offered via bricks and mortar channels (Boyes, G. Stone, M. 2003). The major banks have undergone a considerable degree of consolidation, and supermarkets such as Tesco and Sainsburys, as well as online banks have entered the market for financial services. Some building societies have become banks. Some banks have taken over building societies, insuran ce companies and indeed other banks. The type of services has expanded into credit cards, mortgage lending, insurance, and so on.The banking services industry could be divided into four distinct groups: traditional high street banks and former building societies, online banks, credit card companies, and retailers providing financial services. (www.capco.com) In the UK, High street banks traditionally enjoyed a dominant retail market presence because of their tight control over the payments system. The huge branch system coupled with less use of technology meant that major high street banks like Royal bank of Scotland, Barclays bank, Lloyds banking group, HSBC bank, standard chartered and building societies like Nationwide enjoyed a dominance in the UK financial services industry.(Consoli, D. 2005) But with the recent crisis in the U.K. banking industry, with the examples of northern rock and RBS there is a lot of distrust among the general public. (Butler, S. 2009). At the same time, high street banks have come under lot of pressure from new entrants to the financial services sector such as Prudential (Egg), Virgin, MBNA and CapitalOne and supermarket chains like Tesco and Sainsbury (Harden, G. 2002). New entrants who have entered the financial services industry have gained a competitive advantage through the use of technology. New entrants have information from the customers of their traditional activity, and with CRM they can integrate their information sources and exploit aggregated data on the clientele. It could be argued that access to such high level consumer information should enable banks and other financial institution to give a more personalised and more efficient service. For consumers, the high personal convenience that a bank offers higher would be the possibility of a closer bank customer relationship and enhanced customer satisfaction (Harden, G. 2002). In recent years new entrants into retail banking sector like supermarket banks and online banks have threatened the dominance of major players. (Essvale Corporation Limited). Supermarket banks The reasons why these companies wish to start up in banking are diversification of their business, looking for new sources in order to increase their profitability and a desire to offer a complete service to their customers with the expansion of their current financial services complementary to their main activity. In the UK, the main supermarkets, by means of alliances with banks, have created their own bank subsidiaries, which allow them to offer a whole range of financial products. Some of these are Tesco, Sainsbury and Marks and Spencer. (Gonzà ¡lez Guerrero 2004) Among the major supermarket brands eying this banking business, the most high-profile is undoubtedly the supermarket chain Tesco, which is already the countrys largest food retailer and has a longstanding personal finance arm that sells car, home and travel insurance, savings accounts and credit cards. It has also been running a pilot scheme providing banking sections inside five of its existing 2,200 supermarkets for the last few months, and plans to launch current accounts and mortgages over the next couple of years ((MarketWatch: Global Round-up).Tesco has been creating strategies to capitalise on customers disenchantment with traditional high street banks by aggressively launching new products to counter the ones offered by banks. U.K.s largest retail chain plans to open 30 branches which is likely to be branded Tesco Bank within existing supermarkets in the coming few months.(Bradshaw, T. 2009) Another leading supermarket chain, J Sainsbury, already has a Sainsburys Bank arm offering loans, credit cards, savings and insurance, while the pharmacy chain Boots has expressed interest in financial services. Like Tesco, Sainsbury sees a big opportunity in the financial services market. According to Darren Shapland, Finance director of Sainsbury, the supermarket chain is a challenger and not as big as some of the other financial service providers but the there is a huge potential since 1.8 million customers walk into their shops every week (Butler, S. 2009). The UKs leading bookseller, stationer and newsagent chain WHSmith, meanwhile, has Post Office branch facilities in 80 of its stores, with services that extend to savings accounts and foreign exchange. Another retailer Alliance Boots wants to get into the financial services industry and coincidently or not has hired former HBOS CEO as its new boss. But in the case of Boots they have no tradition of offering financial services products apart from travel insurance and it may them a few years before they could be regarded as force to reckon with. (Butler, S. 2009). At the other end of the spectrum are overseas interests that see an opportunity for a tightly focused banking operation in the UK, running a few branches and targeting a very specific market. The most high-profile among these is Vernon Hill, the US entrepreneur who founded Commerce Bancorp in 1973 and grew it into a business that he eventually sold to Toronto-Dominion for $8.5 billion in 2007. Hill has applied for a banking license with the countrys regulator, the FSA, and has gone public with plans to open the doors of an institution called Metro Bank (MarketWatch: Global Round-up) The highly competitive nature of the financial services market has resulted in new. Developments and banks are creating strategies to utilize alternative delivery channels. One of the delivery channels that have been in existence for some time now is electronic or online banking. Many of the financial institution in the UK have launched or developed transactional electronic banking services. Internet banking services were first introduced in the UK in the early 1980s with the Homelink service provided by the Nottingham Building Society and the Bank of Scotland. But this service was not very popular then and was discontinued after some time (Daniel, E. 1999). Since the rapid development in internet based services, Customers now are more prone to use this service it is possible for them to use banking services anytime and anywhere at their own convenience and with lower fees as compared to traditional banks. Internet banking has given rise to a relatively new concept called internet on ly banks where these organizations dont have a physical set up like traditional banks but provide all types of products and services through internet, Telephone and ATM machines. (Sayar Wolfe 2007). First Direct was not one of the first banks to launch internet only bank in the summer of 1997.Egg is still the most popular internet only bank with a market share of 5.9% in the online banking sector. Internet banks like Egg, Smile, Cahoot and First Direct have a simple banking principle keep costs low and undercut competition. Credit Cards Credit card helps the card holder to obtain credit from the card issuer and allows him to repay the debt over a flexible time period usually 90 days and user can even to add to the debt by paying a certain amount of interest; this is the so-called revolving credit facility. Majority of the banks in the UK provide credit card facilities. The other financial institutions which provide credit card facilities are monocline banks. Monocline banks are credit card issuers who focus on credit card as their main product lines. Companies such as MBNA, Capital One and Morgan Stanley and types of Monoline banks operating in UK (Worthington Edwards. 2000). The competition in the credit card market in UK has intensified in the last few years. The result of this has been the emergence of flexible credit cards. These types of credit cards allow users to select the features of their card which includes the colour of their card and the APR and they also have the option of changing the features based on their circumstances. Virgin and Cahoot are some of the card issuers who are offering such features. (M2 PRESSWIRE 2003.). U.K. is one of the largest users of credit card, with more than half in U.K. as compared to entire Europe and two thirds of total value transactions. (Irish News 2004). Other financial services Personal Loans are one of the other services provided by the financial industry. They help customers to borrow credit from banks and other financial institutions and they pay interest for using the credit over a period of time. Personal Loans are available either against collateral or in some cases with out collateral. Some of the major players in the Personal loan market in the U.K are Nationwide, Sainsbury, HSBC and Abbey (Santander). Insurance Insurance is a service where the insurer is covered for risks by paying a premium to the insuring company. The premium is either paid on a monthly, quarterly or yearly basis. Some of the major insurance companies in U.K are Norwich Union, Standard life and Legal and General. To identify what processes or departments in financial companies can be outsourced. The advent of technology has meant that customers have multiple sources to contact their service providers. The first service that was launched by banks was telephone banking wherein customers could contact their banks 7 days a week and 24 hours a day. Most banks started with their in house call centres called captive call centres to provide service to their customers. As discussed above due high fixed and operation maintaining a captive call centre is an expensive proposition. That is where third party call centres come into picture. The services that are offered in call centres are customer service where customers query about his bank accounts, credit cards, personal loans or mortgages are serviced. Marketing of banks products is another service that call centers provide. Popularly known as telemarketing, this service helps banks to make customers aware of different products and services they offer and also any discounts that they could be eligible for. Banks also face a lot of situation where customers have either used their accounts over the agreed overdraft limit or they havent paid their regular installments for their credit cards, personal loans or Mortgage loans. Most banks have a separate department to handle these type of situations which would help them to contact the customer for debt. recovery. These departments are known as collections teams, and would call customers to remind them that they have failed to make their regular installments. Online banking is another service that banks offer and as discussed above offers anytime banking to customers at the click of a button. Call centres provide customers service for online banking services as well so that if the custom ers face any issue while they are online they could be guided in the right direction. Chat service is another part of online banking, and even though most banks have not introduced it for customer service in bank accounts and they are used for mortgage servicing. All the banks do their best to satisfy customers either through good customer service or through different types of products, but inspite of this there a small number of customers who remain unsatisfied and these types of customers would like to express their dissatisfaction. Complaint handling teams would normally service these types of customers and they would thoroughly look at customers complaints and would try to resolve them with the business policies of the bank. Back office process like processing of bank accounts, personal loans and mortgages are some of the other services that call centres provide to financial institution. In case of insurance companies claims handling would be would be one of the services offered by Call centres. Some of the financial institutions that have indulged in outsourcing are HSBC, Abbey and few others banks. Most of these banks have outsourced their operations to offshore locations like India. A complete list is mentioned in Appendix 1.

Essay on Indiaâ€an Emerging Power in the World Essay

Rare are the moments in history when a nation suddenly captures the imagination of the world. For India, those rare moments have arrived. The country is achieving a high economic growth of over 8 per cent of its GDP annually, on a consistent basis. In fact, India’s economic growth rate is second highest in the world-next only to China. The developed world has been left behind. The two Asian giants-India and China have today turned the leaders of growth of the global economy. One can get the measure of India’s resurgent economy from the fact that the world GDP growth is around 4 per cent. For advanced countries, the growth rate is around 3. 5 per cent, while India is maintaining its GDP growth around 8. 5 per cent of its GDP. The economic experts feel that the average world’s growth rates could have been dismal if they had not been boosted by the resurgent economies of India and China. It is the high growth rates of these two Asian giants that are keeping the global economy floating and preventing it from sinking in deep depression. India’s growth rate, though quite remarkable at present is about two per cent lower than that of China. But the country is fast catching up with its eastern neighbour, and the predictions are that India will soon overtake China-which started its economic reforms in 1979-full 12 years earlier than India. India started its economic reforms in 1991 amidst deep economic crisis. The process of reforms was halted with the exit of Narsimha Rao’s government in 1996. By late 1990s and the early years of the new millennium, the reforms were slowed down as the Left parties in the BJP-led National Democratic Alliance (NDA) were against privatisation and globalisation of Indian economy. However, the process of reforms gathered momentum when Dr. Manmohan Singh-the Finance Minister in Rao’s government and the author of economic reforms became the Prime Minister in the Congress-led United Progressive Alliance. Though the compulsions of coalition politics prevent him from putting reform process in full swing, yet the reform process is being accelerated. The industrial production has been achieving high growth- in the vicinity of 15 per cent year-on-year. The production has covered large-scale medium, small-scale and tiny industries. There has been a balance in various types of industries like mining and quarrying, steel and cement, primary industries as well as secondary industries. The range of production has been very vast including electronics, textile, transportation, pharmaceuticals, power generation, electricals, various types of consumer durables, etc. As a result of high production, the local business in these items has flourished leading to increased corporate profits, a high rate of saving and investment and hence, capital formation. The revenue that the government earns in the shape of taxes-direct as well as indirect has increased many-fold. With this increase in revenue the government has been able to set up new projects for development, and complete already started projects. Many sick industrial units have either been merged with other healthy units or have been rehabilitated with additional grants. Development in the industrial sector has given new opportunities in trade and employment to millions of people. Our computer software and Information Technology have progressed by leaps and bounds during the last decade. Many computer software parks and IT-enabled services parks have been set up in different cities such as Bangalore, Chennai, Gurgaon, Hyderabad, Noida and elsewhere. The number of companies doing such business has increased more than 100 per cent during the last ten years. India has become an expert in computer technology. Several companies from Europe and America are outsourcing their business through India. Our major IT companies like Infosys, TCS, Wipro, Satyam Computers, Tech Mahindra and HCL are generating profit of millions of rupees every year. A number of call centres have come up in major cities to cater to the needs of outsourcing business. Our exports have almost doubled during the last four years. The foreign exchange reserves have crossed US $ 200 billion which have given India a great financial strength. Our rupee has become very strong against the other international currencies- notably dollar, pound and euro. However, there is poverty amidst plenty in many areas. Millions people live in poverty and destitution. They do not have even the basic amenities of life, viz. ood, clothing and shelter. This is because of the large size of our population, illiteracy, poor public distribution system and corruption. But, things are improving fast in India. Centuries of exploitative rule by the British had drained India of its wealth. After achieving independence, the country had a great task of rebuilding the basic infrastructure, spread education and bring new technology. The planned growth put the country back on track. Today, the literacy rate has improved to over 75 per cent, the per capita income has rossed Rs 25,000, health care facilities are available in every part of the country, and employment opportunities are growing. The large size of the population is actually a great source which can lead the country to dizzy heights. Nearly fifty per cent of our population is young which means a great working potential, which, if properly utilized can increase production and eradicate poverty. India is the biggest democracy in the world. The governments at the centre as well as at the states level are elected on the basis of universal adult franchise. Although the country is a melting pot of different communities, religious and languages, all enjoy equal rights and share the same responsibilities. There is no distinction between people on the basis of caste, creed and religion. The political structure is well laid down in the tenets of the Constitution so that there is no political crisis. There has been a stable political atmosphere in the country right from independence. The political deadlocks, if any, are resolved peacefully. Such stability and system has served as an abject lesson for many other countries and enhanced India’s stature in the world at large. India’s foreign policy also has been open and clear-aiming to develop friendly relations with other countries, including its neighbours. At international meetins and conferences, India is given a pride-of-place. The developing countries look to India for guidance and help. Militarily, India is one of the strongest countries in the world. Having the third largest army in the world, it has a huge arsenal of weaponry including nuclear weapons. Its Army, Navy and Air Force are always ready to meet any challenge. India believes in having peaceful relations with other countries, but in today’s world of changing equation, it is necessary to have a military might to deter other countries to do any mischief. During the last decade or so, India has shown a tremendous all-round progress. Its economy has grown at face pace; the social life of people has in general been peaceful and progressive. The main indicators like literacy, per capita income, employment, etc. have been positive. The rights of people are well protected. The world is now looking at India with a renewed respect-as it is an emerging power in the world.

Rules And History Of Volleyball - 737 Words

Independent Research Project Page 1 Computers By:Addy Normand (Adrena) Research Paper Topic-Rules and History of Volleyball The History In 1895, William G. Morgan, an instructor at the Young Men s Christian Association (Y.M.C.A) in Massachusetts, decided to combine the sports of baseball, basketball, handball, and tennis to make a game now called volleyball (at the time called mintonette). He created this game for his classes of businessmen so that they could play a sport that demanded less physical contact than the sport basketball. He used the net from tennis and raised it 6’6† high. At that time it was above the average man’s head. When a demonstrative game was being played someone pointed out that it seemed like the players were volleying the ball back and forth over the net. They said that volleyball should be the name for the sport because it is more descriptive. So, Morgan then agreed that Volleyball is a better and more descriptive name for the sport. Page 2 The Rules Morgan came up with about ten rules when he created volleyball. The first rule, the game needs to consist of nine innings. The second rule, an inning is when the person serving continues to serve untilShow MoreRelatedThe History of Volleyball: William G. Morgan899 Words   |  4 PagesThe history of volleyball goes back to the year of 1895. The game was invented by a man by the name of William G. Morgan, at a YMCA in Massachusetts (NCVA). Morgan was an instructor at the YMCA (Young Men’s Christian Association) when he created the game of volleyball (NCVA). Volleyball is a very popular sport around the world. It is especially popular in the U.S., which is where is originated (NCVA). It was created just two years after the game basketball was invented (Hartwell).To create thisRead MoreVolleyball as a Subculture1650 Words   |  7 PagesSociety â€Å"Dig† Volleyball as a Subculture? I. Introduction The individuality within diverse subcultures has given so much to society already. Subcultures such as volleyball have been given a chance to grow in our society and spread to other cultures connecting nations across the globe. It takes time for a subculture to be accepted by our society today. Once it is accepted, membership in subculture grows as more people feel comfortable joining a mainstream subculture such as volleyball. However, toRead MoreHistory of Volleyball2781 Words   |  12 PagesI. History of Volleyball a. Founder b. Origin of the Volleyball c. First name of Volleyball d. Who gave the name volleyball e. Year and When the volleyball was introduced in the philippines f. Year volleyball officially played in Olympics iI. cOURT dIMENSION a. Length and width of the court b. Length and width of the playing area including the free zone and warm up area c. Length and width of the net d. Height of the net for male and female iii.Read MoreThe Effects Of Caffeinated Energy Drinks On Athletes Essay1216 Words   |  5 Pageshabit that they cannot go through a day without a cup of coffee before exiting their doorways. Furthermore, it requires good health and stamina for athletes to perform throughout the game particularly the one in teams, such as rugby soccer, and volleyball. Have you ever wondered how their practices are like? How intense their exercises are? Coaches demand intense focus and will to push athletes to their maximum limit but some are still not satisfied, thus some athletes use caffeine as a stimulantRead MoreEssay on Figerouas Framework1149 Words   |  5 Pages* Equity affects nearly all aspects of our lives none less than sports such as beach volleyball. Sport is an integral part of today’s society and as such, sport should be organised, participated in and distributed in an equitable manner.The aim of equity in sports is to encourage all people, regardless of age, gender, disabili ty or ethnic origin to participate in and develop their potential within sport. Disputes over equity have been apparent in our society for hundreds of years, over such thingsRead MoreNetball And Volleyball Has Been Developed Over Many Years2019 Words   |  9 PagesThis essay will look at how Netball and Volleyball have been developed over many years and how athletes prepare themselves to competitively take part in both of these sports. â€Å"Netball traces its roots back to basketball† which was established by James Naismith in 1891 to fulfill the need for a â€Å"high-spirited† game for men. (International netball, n.d.). Female teachers became captivated by this game and a version for girls was established with rules that were adapted to accommodate for social needsRead MoreEffects Of Caffeine On Elite Athletes Essay1516 Words   |  7 PagesThis study focuses on the effects of ingested caffeinated energy drink compared to placebo in three different sports, rugby, soccer, and volleyball. Each sport had a dissimilar number of participants, including male and female. The effects were analyzed under different circumstances in each sport performed. A few materials were used during the activities to monitor precisely the changes in all participants’ bodies. This study illustrates significant positive changes and improvement in all participants’Read MoreThe Achievement Of The National Hono r Society893 Words   |  4 Pagescommitment to education and learning. I believe that as a child growing up, education is the most extensive thing part of anyone’s life. Not only is it about doing well in your classes and making acceptable and superb grades, but learning about the history of how our nation has changed throughout the years and why certain things are the way it is today in our society. Education helps one achieve their goals in which they have dreamed of. With school, I have always been dedicated to maintaining a 6.5Read MoreIs Cheerleading a Sport?669 Words   |  3 Pagesadded acrobatics to the cheers (Being a Cheerleader). The first Cheerleading National Championship was held in 1982, hosted by the Universal Cheerleaders Association, and since then there have been many cheerleading competitions and events worldwide (History of Cheerleading). Cheerleading takes physical strength, coordination, and teamwork, and in 2009, the Wisconsin Supreme Court ruled th at it is legally classified as a contact sport (ESPN). Yet, despite these things, many people do not consider it toRead MoreSports And Games : An Important Part Of Human Entertainment1070 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"most played,† or â€Å"most revenue-generating† Sports. Let s have a look on the top 10 famous sports in the world: 10. Volleyball The game of volleyball is very popular not only among men but also women. In subcontinent, it is very famous particularly in rural areas. However, countries of this region do not take much lead on international level. It does not have much hard and fast rules and quite easy to play. The two teams, competing in this game are comprised of five to six players on each side. FIVB

Short Story Analysis Young Goodman Brown Essay - 1115 Words

History has known many a great author, but none more intriguing than Nathaniel Hawthorne. Hawthorne’s ability to weave stories through the use of complex language and early puritan society narratives has long been a topic of study amongst scholars and young adults, alike. â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† explores the idea of good vs. evil and draws many parallels to the life of Nathaniel Hawthorne. It is often debated whether man is born innately good or evil. In â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† it is possible to see Hawthorne’s stance on this. However, before delving too deeply into this short story, it is crucial to the understanding of the narrative that the life of Nathaniel Hawthorne is critically analyzed. According to John Clendenning, Nathaniel was†¦show more content†¦Goodman Brown is a spiritual man and, much like Hawthorne, is descended from a line of devout Christians. When he first enters the woods, he is met by an old man, carrying a staff resem bling a serpent. Upon the first few moments of their encounter, the old man pronounces the following: â€Å"I helped your grandfather, the constable, when he lashed the Quaker woman so smartly through the streets of Salem; and it was I that brought your father a pitch-pine knot, kindled at my own hearth, to set fire to an Indian village, in King Philips war.† It is very obvious, even from the first line, that Hawthorne has drawn upon his own experiences to develop his characters. Similar to William Hathorne, the grandfather of Goodman Brown believed in the persecution of Quakers. When the old man, who is akin to the Devil, reveals this we can understand just how evil Hawthorne finds the deeds of his grandfather. In the case of good vs. evil, it can be seen that Goodman Brown represents a sense of moral ambiguity, or even innocence. He goes to the Old Man in search of something which is unknown to the reader, and possibly even himself. Despite protests from Faith, who is an analogy for humanity or good, Goodman Brown rushes from his home in a frenzy to meet The Old Man, who represents the evil and temptation of the world (Wilson). TheShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Short Story Young Goodman Brown 995 Words   |  4 Pagescoexisting with many different diversities. In the short story â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† Hawthorn uses symbol ism to show the struggle of keeping faith in the face of sin with the character’s names, the path through the woods, and the final ritual. One of the biggest use of symbolism that Nathaniel Hawthorne uses in this story is the character’s names, the ones I am going to discuss are Faith and Goodman Brown. â€Å"But where is Faith?† Thought Goodman Brown; and, as hope came into his heart, he trembled† (HawthorneRead MoreShort Story Analysis: Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel Hawthorne851 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Young Goodman Brown, by Nathaniel Hawthorne Introduction Hawthornes short story Young Goodman Brown is a tale of innocence lost. Set in New England during the Puritan era, the protagonist, Goodman Brown, goes for a walk in the woods one night and meets the devil who tells him. Evil is the nature of mankind. Evil must be your only happiness. Welcome again, to the communion of your race. According to Levin this story is a condemnation of the hypocrisy of the puritan ethic. The Salem witch trialsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Young Goodman Brown And Other Hawthorne Short Stories 922 Words   |  4 Pagesreader that Brown was given many chances to return home safe. Instead, he decided to take a different path, which filled his life with darkness. Also, Brown was never encouraged to enter the dark forest of sin, but rather to satisfy his curiosity about the happening there and perhaps even to take part in them. As a result of entering the forest Brown encounters himself with a man who appears to represent the devil. Several times the man tells Brown he is free to go back home, but brown feels intrigueRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne1422 Words   |  6 Pageseighteenth-century author, Nathaniel Hawthorne was born on July 4, 1804 in Salem, Massachusetts. He was most famous for his writings The Scarlet Letter, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil† and an abundant array of other books and short stories. The stories that are mentioned contain a copious amount of symbolism throughout the entirety of each book. All the stories that he ever wrote have an underlying meaning and the symbolism was hidden within in the names, characters, places, and actions that happenedRead MoreComparing Young Goodman Brown And Child By Tiger1597 Words   |  7 Pages Comparison of â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and â€Å"Child by Tiger† ENGL 102: Literature and Composition FALL C 2017 Jennifer Person L29216090 MLA Thesis: â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† by Nathaniel Hawthorne and â€Å"The Child by Tiger† by Thomas Wolfe are two short stories written to portray people struggle with society. Although the two stories were set in two different cultures and time periods they are similar in their religion and faith. In these two stories their belief systems are challengedRead MoreYoung Goodman Brown from a Moral Standpoint1352 Words   |  6 PagesHawthorne discovered that his ancestors were founders and Puritan leaders of the Salem witch trials. Shortly after this tragic finding, he wrote â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† a tale that is considered one of the greatest in American literature. Analyzing Nathaniel Hawthorne’s work from a moral perspective can help illuminate his short story: â€Å"Young Goodman Brown.† Hawthorne was both prideful and embarrassed in the actions of his ancestors. According to Jacqueline Shoemaker, Hawthorne felt pride in seeingRead MoreYoung Goodman Brown882 Words   |  4 PagesLiterary Analysis of Young Goodman Brown Many aspects of human nature have changed over the centuries, but one thing that people have in common is the temptation of evil. From Adam and Eve eating fruit from the forbidden tree in the Garden of Eden to the Iraqi hijackers who flew two airplanes into the World Trade Centers on September 11, 2001 killing thousands of innocent people, evil has always been a part of this world. In an effort to portray the corruption of the Salem witch trials, NathanielRead MoreYoung Goodman Brown964 Words   |  4 PagesCriticism Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† is a short story in which the author attempts to convey several different messages or themes throughout the literary piece. Themes in literary works can sometimes be better understood by analyzing the piece with a specific literary criticism technique. A few of these literary criticism techniques include Marxist, Formalism, and Reader Response just to name a few. Given Hawthorne’s style of writing and this short story in particular, a reader orRead MoreYoung Goodman Brown Essay(Symbolism)1543 Words   |  7 PagesIBEnglish III 13 September 2011 â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† Analysis One of the factors that shaped the New World was religion; it was a pillar in the fledgling society and a reason for migration for so many Europeans. Puritanism was a major belief system that held strongly throughout the seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries. Nathaniel Hawthorne, a nineteenth century American novelist and short story writer, composed the story of â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† which takes place in Salem. AllRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown1543 Words   |  7 PagesIn Nathaniel Hawthorne s short story of Young Goodman Brown, the author uses symbolism and allegories in order to showcase the Puritan faith as well as man s conflict between good and evil. This analysis will break down the techniques that the author uses to critique the puritan society and to show the difference between how people appear to be in society and the true colors that they are hidden inside of them. There has been a lot of great authors in our time, but none more interesting than

Violence And Hate Crime And Violence Through Intercultural...

Violence and hate crimes are frequent in the United States and have become a major issue for many people. Violence comes in many different forms such as domestic, societal, and individual. Violence is the main cause of distress and has the power to tear families apart. As a result, the newer generation of kids are left to deal with insecurity, inequality, and injustice. In order to ensure that people carry out the proper approach to violence, professionals and even every day individuals must be trained through education or forums on how to manage these issues. The purpose of this paper is to provide an intercultural approach to reduce the violence and the suffering that many communities face. This paper provides an intervention to hate crime and violence through intercultural praxis, education, and socially responsible actions. Social violence or crimes involves people from different cultures and their diversity lead to emergence of superiority and inferiority (In Sorrells In Sekimo to, 2015). Cultural groups that are seen as inferior are looked down upon by superior cultures which then creates a rivalry. To end this violence, education and awareness must be the key first and foremost, then intercultural praxis and social responsibilities will help to an extent. The main focus will be on the historical ideas, concepts and theories that explain the creation of social violence as well as hate crime. Many factors contribute to social violence, while some of them come from

Implications for the Future Free Essays

Communities around the world face pollution problems on one level or another. Pollution exists in a number of forms, including noise, air, land, water, indoor, and outdoor. Humans are affected by pollution both physically and emotionally through the effect on the environment and physical health. We will write a custom essay sample on Implications for the Future or any similar topic only for you Order Now The life blood of the community is the water source, whether it comes from a river, well, or water treatment plant. The purpose of this paper is to review one pollution problem faced by a community, how the problem affects the psychological health of the community and purpose a solution to that problem. The chosen topic for this paper is water control which will include the pollution problem of water control, the effects on humans, conservation techniques, and barriers to solving the problem. Psychology and the Preservation of the Environment A diverse relationship exists between psychology and the preservation of the environment. The world of psychology covers an extremely huge realm, which is full of different areas and much information. Inside this realm is the notion of the environment, which surrounds human beings. The word â€Å"environment† is composed of diverse concepts and possesses an extremely large definition or can be quite specific. Certain examples of environments are institutions, office or event buildings, or family settings, to name just a few (Veitch Arkkelin, 1995). Resources have grown less available over the years. When compared to many years ago when resources like water were in abundance and human beings did not need to concern themselves with running out of this resource, today water and other resources are revealing signs of extreme reduction. This indicates that if the population does not work to conserve these resources, they could evaporate ultimately. One main relationship or connection between psychology and preservation is behavior. Human beings behave in a certain manner, which is influenced by their capability and willingness. These behaviors can possess an effect on the preservation of the natural environment. Nevertheless, a human being’s behavior can be altered to fit the needs of other individuals (Veitch Arkkelin, 1995). The main component of this behavior modification is the motivation of the human being because if people do not yearn to adapt their behavior, the essential behavior changes will not take place (Veitch Arkkelin, 1995). The following is an example of the need for adaptive behavior for the occurrence of water conservation. If a human being possesses a large swimming pool, he or she will most likely be adding water on a normal basis to keep water in the pool and to keep it clean. In addition cleaning and replacing filthy water for clean water is an excellent way to maintain a sanitary swimming pool. However, certain individuals exist who quickly refill their swimming pools with more water once a small amount is splashed out. When a decrease in water availability exists, a human being must alter his or her behavior to preserve water. Furthermore, an individual must be willing to desist from refilling his or her water when this happens. This involves certain behavior alterations, which if an individual can achieve can create a huge contribution to his or her environment. However, if an individual does not change his or her behavior, the government body that observes the accessibility of water will need to create a decision regarding how to decrease the water consumption. Numerous issues regarding preserving and conserving the environment possess a focus throughout psychology. As the population evolves and human beings help to protect the environment, people in the intended environment will begin to adapt (Veitch Arkkelin, 1995). Young children will learn to preserve water and other natural resources. Furthermore, the generation of these young children will adapt easier compared to their parents who knowingly had to change their behavior to preserve the natural resources within their environment. Solution for Water Pollutants Community and Factory Solution In 1972, the Federal Water Pollution Control Act that is now known as the Clean Water Act (CWA) was formed (NPDES. 2011). What this act was to ensure is that there are regulations put in place for the pollutants entering the water from point sources in the United States. Industries are given a limit of how much and how they are disposing of harmful chemicals that will either go directly into the water or into sources that will reach water supplies (NPDES. 2011). Rules, limits, regulations as well as permits are needed for disposal of toxins (NPDES. 2011). Workplaces, factories, and manufacturing plants have been fined, but still continue to release harmful toxins that go against the regulations of the CWA (Dissenting, 2000). The issue with this is that the problem still arises and many of these places are not punished for the crimes they are committing (Dissenting, 2000). As of this time the penalties are a fine of between $5,000 and $50,000 a day as well as but not necessarily, including possible jail time of no more than three years (Dissenting, 2000). Penalties need to be more extensive with laws that also state that after so many offenses that the factories are shut down with a possible permanent license removal. It would also be feasible to have the fines start at the $5,000 to $50,000 a day but have them go up a percentage each day or a larger percentage weekly, however, not to exceed a number of days without loss of licensing and permit loss. Second offense would be the same although time that elapses without license or permit is to be extended. Personal or Household Solution Many brands are labeling their products as â€Å"green† (Yu, 2010, April). It is difficult to know what one is buying when he or she flips to the back of a product and still many of the ingredients are unrecognizable. Many people will pay more money for products in the hopes of buying a product that will be better for the environment, themselves, and family. Federal regulation at this time expresses leniency on companies using the word â€Å"green† in their products (Yu, 2010, April). Some companies are using phrases like †nontoxic† such as Simple Green, although the products still contain chemicals that are found to cause red cell damage and even reproductive issues in animals (Yu, 2010, April). Other companies are using the term â€Å"green,† and this actually means in the product is that they are using the least toxic chemicals found in the group which the chemicals are classified under (Yu, 2010, April). There are many simple tricks, or products people may use that they generally have lying around the house. This will ensure that the people know what  products they are using and know that the toxins are not in what they are using. Here are some helpful tips. Bathtubs, Floors, and hard to scrub areas (baking soda with vinegar) Cutting Boards and Counters (Hot water and vinegar) Furniture (Microfiber cloth dampened) Polished Furniture (A regular cloth and an oil base, such as olive oil or even a citrus oil) Windows (isopropyl alcohol, water, and vinegar) Air Freshener (Water, baking soda, and lemon or even fabric softener) Mold (one part peroxide to two parts water let sit for one hour) Barriers to the Solution Big corporations, manufacturing companies, and utilities have been given a set of rules and regulations to follow when the use and disposal of chemicals are involved. Often penalties have been enforced for disregarding regulations and the discovery of illegal dumping; however, this has not stopped the problem. Enforcing the regulations and ensuring payments of the fines given has proven to be a difficult task. Political lobbyist hired by the corporations have helped to protect the interests of the companies by effectively limiting the amount of the fines and helped to create legal loop holes to avoid paying those fines. The legal battles which may be successfully brought before a court can take years to win and with the financial resources on the side of corporations the cases sometimes never make it into court. In addition the sum of the fine is often easier to pay so the companies can go about their business. Increasing regulations and raising the limits on the fines could be beneficial but difficult to achieve because of the political action of hired lobbyist. Outcome and Justification Water pollution is a serious problem that is affecting the environment in multiple ways. By limiting the amount of pollution, the environment may be preserved. Behavior modification techniques can enforce proper waste control and proper chemical use. To preserve the environment, harsher punishments are suggested for companies that violate the regulations of the Clean Water Act. Fines are currently at a flat rate per violation. A suggested action is to increase the fine until the regulations are followed. In the case that regulations are continually violated, companies should face loss of license. These suggestions may prove difficult to enforce because of legal and political barriers. Household pollution can be limited by changing the use of products. Some products are misleading in advertisements and claims; phrases such as â€Å"green† and â€Å"non-toxic† do not always mean chemical free. These types of products can cause severe damage to the environment, animals, and people. Behavior modification is the basis behind the suggestions to reduce and prevent water pollution in both industrial environments and in the household. Behavior modification relies on the concept of conditioning (Sullivan, 2009). Behaviorism was based on the idea that individuals had no free will and all actions could be explained using stimuli and responses. Operant conditioning modifies behavior through rewards and punishment. To encourage a behavior, a reward is offered upon completion of the behavior (Sullivan, 2009). To reduce a behavior, a punishment is given upon each occurrence of the undesired behavior. Using rewards and punishments, behavior can be modified. In this situation, behavior can be modified to reduce pollution (Sullivan, 2009). In the case of companies violating regulations of the Clean Water Act, a punishment would be given with each violation. If the severity of the punishment is sufficient, the behavior will be less likely to occur again. The idea behind increasing the fines is that increasing the severity of the punishment will decrease the likelihood of repeat behavior. In the situation of chemical use and pollution in the household, rewards may be used to modify behavior. Suggested alternatives to harmful chemicals are less costly and simple to use. Benefits also include a sense of health safety when harsh chemicals are not present. The financial reward of not buying chemicals and less concern for health may increase the likelihood of using home remedies rather than chemical filled products. Small changes can create differences in actions and the influence on the environment. Behavior modification regarding water pollution may reduce pollution and preserve the environment. Conclusion Pollution plagues communities around the world affecting health and the environment. Identifying pollution problems, their causes, and solutions is the key to preserving the future for the next generations. Water is a necessity for every living organism on the planet and clean drinking water is a must for humans and animals alike. Once the target pollution issue has been identified, creating a workable solution that can be accomplished by all those in the community is the next important step. Every potential solution may have various barriers to overcome, such as political, legal, and financial considerations. Political barriers, such as corporate lobbyist are likely to be a problem. However, environmental lobbyists are helping to fight solutions to pollution and the damage it is doing to the earth and humans. The implications for the future are not very promising without conscientious changes individually and communally. How to cite Implications for the Future, Papers Implications for the Future Free Essays Communities around the world face pollution problems on one level or another. Pollution exists in a number of forms, including noise, air, land, water, indoor, and outdoor. Humans are affected by pollution both physically and emotionally through the effect on the environment and physical health. We will write a custom essay sample on Implications for the Future or any similar topic only for you Order Now The life blood of the community is the water source, whether it comes from a river, well, or water treatment plant. The purpose of this paper is to review one pollution problem faced by a community, how the problem affects the psychological health of the community and purpose a solution to that problem. The chosen topic for this paper is water control which will include the pollution problem of water control, the effects on humans, conservation techniques, and barriers to solving the problem. Psychology and the Preservation of the Environment A diverse relationship exists between psychology and the preservation of the environment. The world of psychology covers an extremely huge realm, which is full of different areas and much information. Inside this realm is the notion of the environment, which surrounds human beings. The word â€Å"environment† is composed of diverse concepts and possesses an extremely large definition or can be quite specific. Certain examples of environments are institutions, office or event buildings, or family settings, to name just a few (Veitch Arkkelin, 1995). Resources have grown less available over the years. When compared to many years ago when resources like water were in abundance and human beings did not need to concern themselves with running out of this resource, today water and other resources are revealing signs of extreme reduction. This indicates that if the population does not work to conserve these resources, they could evaporate ultimately. One main relationship or connection between psychology and preservation is behavior. Human beings behave in a certain manner, which is influenced by their capability and willingness. These behaviors can possess an effect on the preservation of the natural environment. Nevertheless, a human being’s behavior can be altered to fit the needs of other individuals (Veitch Arkkelin, 1995). The main component of this behavior modification is the motivation of the human being because if people do not yearn to adapt their behavior, the essential behavior changes will not take place (Veitch Arkkelin, 1995). The following is an example of the need for adaptive behavior for the occurrence of water conservation. If a human being possesses a large swimming pool, he or she will most likely be adding water on a normal basis to keep water in the pool and to keep it clean. In addition cleaning and replacing filthy water for clean water is an excellent way to maintain a sanitary swimming pool. However, certain individuals exist who quickly refill their swimming pools with more water once a small amount is splashed out. When a decrease in water availability exists, a human being must alter his or her behavior to preserve water. Furthermore, an individual must be willing to desist from refilling his or her water when this happens. This involves certain behavior alterations, which if an individual can achieve can create a huge contribution to his or her environment. However, if an individual does not change his or her behavior, the government body that observes the accessibility of water will need to create a decision regarding how to decrease the water consumption. Numerous issues regarding preserving and conserving the environment possess a focus throughout psychology. As the population evolves and human beings help to protect the environment, people in the intended environment will begin to adapt (Veitch Arkkelin, 1995). Young children will learn to preserve water and other natural resources. Furthermore, the generation of these young children will adapt easier compared to their parents who knowingly had to change their behavior to preserve the natural resources within their environment. Solution for Water Pollutants Community and Factory Solution In 1972, the Federal Water Pollution Control Act that is now known as the Clean Water Act (CWA) was formed (NPDES. 2011). What this act was to ensure is that there are regulations put in place for the pollutants entering the water from point sources in the United States. Industries are given a limit of how much and how they are disposing of harmful chemicals that will either go directly into the water or into sources that will reach water supplies (NPDES. 2011). Rules, limits, regulations as well as permits are needed for disposal of toxins (NPDES. 2011). Workplaces, factories, and manufacturing plants have been fined, but still continue to release harmful toxins that go against the regulations of the CWA (Dissenting, 2000). The issue with this is that the problem still arises and many of these places are not punished for the crimes they are committing (Dissenting, 2000). As of this time the penalties are a fine of between $5,000 and $50,000 a day as well as but not necessarily, including possible jail time of no more than three years (Dissenting, 2000). Penalties need to be more extensive with laws that also state that after so many offenses that the factories are shut down with a possible permanent license removal. It would also be feasible to have the fines start at the $5,000 to $50,000 a day but have them go up a percentage each day or a larger percentage weekly, however, not to exceed a number of days without loss of licensing and permit loss. Second offense would be the same although time that elapses without license or permit is to be extended. Personal or Household Solution Many brands are labeling their products as â€Å"green† (Yu, 2010, April). It is difficult to know what one is buying when he or she flips to the back of a product and still many of the ingredients are unrecognizable. Many people will pay more money for products in the hopes of buying a product that will be better for the environment, themselves, and family. Federal regulation at this time expresses leniency on companies using the word â€Å"green† in their products (Yu, 2010, April). Some companies are using phrases like †nontoxic† such as Simple Green, although the products still contain chemicals that are found to cause red cell damage and even reproductive issues in animals (Yu, 2010, April). Other companies are using the term â€Å"green,† and this actually means in the product is that they are using the least toxic chemicals found in the group which the chemicals are classified under (Yu, 2010, April). There are many simple tricks, or products people may use that they generally have lying around the house. This will ensure that the people know what  products they are using and know that the toxins are not in what they are using. Here are some helpful tips. Bathtubs, Floors, and hard to scrub areas (baking soda with vinegar) Cutting Boards and Counters (Hot water and vinegar) Furniture (Microfiber cloth dampened) Polished Furniture (A regular cloth and an oil base, such as olive oil or even a citrus oil) Windows (isopropyl alcohol, water, and vinegar) Air Freshener (Water, baking soda, and lemon or even fabric softener) Mold (one part peroxide to two parts water let sit for one hour) Barriers to the Solution Big corporations, manufacturing companies, and utilities have been given a set of rules and regulations to follow when the use and disposal of chemicals are involved. Often penalties have been enforced for disregarding regulations and the discovery of illegal dumping; however, this has not stopped the problem. Enforcing the regulations and ensuring payments of the fines given has proven to be a difficult task. Political lobbyist hired by the corporations have helped to protect the interests of the companies by effectively limiting the amount of the fines and helped to create legal loop holes to avoid paying those fines. The legal battles which may be successfully brought before a court can take years to win and with the financial resources on the side of corporations the cases sometimes never make it into court. In addition the sum of the fine is often easier to pay so the companies can go about their business. Increasing regulations and raising the limits on the fines could be beneficial but difficult to achieve because of the political action of hired lobbyist. Outcome and Justification Water pollution is a serious problem that is affecting the environment in multiple ways. By limiting the amount of pollution, the environment may be preserved. Behavior modification techniques can enforce proper waste control and proper chemical use. To preserve the environment, harsher punishments are suggested for companies that violate the regulations of the Clean Water Act. Fines are currently at a flat rate per violation. A suggested action is to increase the fine until the regulations are followed. In the case that regulations are continually violated, companies should face loss of license. These suggestions may prove difficult to enforce because of legal and political barriers. Household pollution can be limited by changing the use of products. Some products are misleading in advertisements and claims; phrases such as â€Å"green† and â€Å"non-toxic† do not always mean chemical free. These types of products can cause severe damage to the environment, animals, and people. Behavior modification is the basis behind the suggestions to reduce and prevent water pollution in both industrial environments and in the household. Behavior modification relies on the concept of conditioning (Sullivan, 2009). Behaviorism was based on the idea that individuals had no free will and all actions could be explained using stimuli and responses. Operant conditioning modifies behavior through rewards and punishment. To encourage a behavior, a reward is offered upon completion of the behavior (Sullivan, 2009). To reduce a behavior, a punishment is given upon each occurrence of the undesired behavior. Using rewards and punishments, behavior can be modified. In this situation, behavior can be modified to reduce pollution (Sullivan, 2009). In the case of companies violating regulations of the Clean Water Act, a punishment would be given with each violation. If the severity of the punishment is sufficient, the behavior will be less likely to occur again. The idea behind increasing the fines is that increasing the severity of the punishment will decrease the likelihood of repeat behavior. In the situation of chemical use and pollution in the household, rewards may be used to modify behavior. Suggested alternatives to harmful chemicals are less costly and simple to use. Benefits also include a sense of health safety when harsh chemicals are not present. The financial reward of not buying chemicals and less concern for health may increase the likelihood of using home remedies rather than chemical filled products. Small changes can create differences in actions and the influence on the environment. Behavior modification regarding water pollution may reduce pollution and preserve the environment. Conclusion Pollution plagues communities around the world affecting health and the environment. Identifying pollution problems, their causes, and solutions is the key to preserving the future for the next generations. Water is a necessity for every living organism on the planet and clean drinking water is a must for humans and animals alike. Once the target pollution issue has been identified, creating a workable solution that can be accomplished by all those in the community is the next important step. Every potential solution may have various barriers to overcome, such as political, legal, and financial considerations. Political barriers, such as corporate lobbyist are likely to be a problem. However, environmental lobbyists are helping to fight solutions to pollution and the damage it is doing to the earth and humans. The implications for the future are not very promising without conscientious changes individually and communally. How to cite Implications for the Future, Papers

Analysis of Hospitality in Sharing Economy-Samples for Students

Question: Anayse Hospitality in Sharing Economy. Answer: Introduction Sharing economy is a term which can be used to describe various economic activities related to online transactions. The sharing economy deals with growing out of the open-source community to refer to the peer-to-peer based sharing of the access to services and goods. This term can also be used for the purpose of describing the sales transactions that are done through the online market area. This is an economic model which can be defined as the peer-to-peer based activity related to acquiring of goods, providing the goods and sharing the access to these services and goods which is facilitated by an online platform which is community based (Cohen and Sundararajan 2015). Sharing economy can also be termed as collaborative consumption which is a trending concept in business. This concept mainly highlights the abilities of the individuals to borrow or rent goods instead of owning or buying them. Benefits and the reasons for motivating tourists related to usage of sharing economy Sharing economy has become the latest trend in the technology world and it has influenced all the major sectors and industries. The hotel and hospitality industry has been greatly influenced by the sharing economy concept. This concept is mainly a socio-economic economic system which is built around sharing of physical and human related resources. This includes the shared creation, distribution and the production of goods in the market. This is related to the ability of the consumers or the firms in granting temporary access to each other to the physical assets which are under-utilized in nature (Cusumano 2015). The entities belonging to the sharing economy shared the goods which are unused with the with the others in the market for short or longer periods of time. The travel industry and the hoteliers have been affected by the concept of sharing economy. The process of sharing by the various entities like, the hosts who provide the list of their unused rooms or the hosts who are permanently away from their homes have posed a threat to the hotel industry. The hoteliers therefore come together to provide alternate accommodation related facilities in the sharing economy. The sharing economy has been watched by the hoteliers quite closely and they are also planning to offer shared rooms for the travellers who seek different experience in their tours (Ert, Fleischer and Magen 2016). The hotels which are a part of the entire sharing economy related concept include, HomeAway, HomeToGo, Vacations Rentals By Owner (VRBO), FlipKey, Couchsurfing and Airbnb. These organizations have put immense pressure on the operations of traditional hotels. The hotels which provide limited services or select services cater to the business clients. The sharing economy is constantly changing the ways by which think about travelling and reserving their accommodations. The hotels are therefore trying hard to understand the behaviour of the travellers who prefer to make their accommodation and bookings in the shared economy sector (Gursoy 2017). Airbnb is the largest operator in the new concept of shared economy that is used by the travellers to book their accommodations. The travellers who use the services provided by the accommodation facilities in sharing economy include those who desire for more social interactions with the local residents and have unique experiences in the authentic hotel settings. This provides them with the reason to travel more and stay longer in the hotels. The major drivers which affect peer-to-peer accommodation related facilities are the active usage of internet, the age of customers, the availability of technologies and the frequency of their international travel (Hamari, Sjklint and Ukkonen 2016). The development of sharing economy has been able to shake up the hotel industry. The transactions related to shared economy occur directly between the private people and the major hotel brands in the distinctive hospitality industry. The hoteliers are trying to capture the opportunities and the challenges that are being faced by the marketplace due to the advent sharing economy. The conventional experience provided by the hospitality industry have been challenged and are being tested in ways which were not imagined before. The hotels which are technologically advanced and can understand the importance related to guest experience, this opportunity can help them in increasing their revenues and profitability (Interian 2016). The hoteliers therefore need to use this opportunity so that they are able to meet the services related to localization that are provided to the guests. The hoteliers can gain competitive advantage in the industry not only by providing the best rates, they also nee d to understand the minds of the customers. The sharing economy is likely to rise its opportunities in the future in the hospitality industry. This will present many challenges for the other commercial hotels in the market, which will put immense pressure on these hotels to maintain their profitable operations (Lu and Kandampully 2016). Hospitality experience provided by sharing economy The hospitality experience that is provided by the sharing accommodations are authentic in nature as the travellers can live in the hotels like the locals. The consumers have also started demanding experiences where they are able to interact with the locals of that area and live in the hotels like the locals do. These demands have impacted the services that are offered by the shared accommodation providers. The travellers have constantly started demanding for the authentic services which can make them feel like they are part of the place where they have visited. This further tends to increase their time of stay and they begin to mix with the local culture of the area (Matzler, Veider and Kathan 2015). The three major themes that have been given importance by the providers of shared accommodation services are, unique accommodation and interiors, interaction with the hosts, and the interactions with the local culture of the area. The travel experience has been made much more meaningful after the introduction of this concept of accommodation. The peer-to-peer style of accommodation impacts the behaviour of the travellers as well. The major impacts of this process of accommodation are related to increase in travel frequency, expansion in the selection of destination and the increase in the length of stay as well (Mittendorf and Ostermann 2017). The social interactions of the travellers have become more meaningful in nature and reduction of costs related to accommodation have allowed the travellers to consider those destinations which they were not able to afford before. On the other hand, the commercial hotels are unable these social interactions and experiences to the travellers. The travellers who avail the services of commercial hotels are not always able to afford to travel select destinations due to the costs that are associated with the stay in these hotels. The local experience and feel that is provided by the peer-to-peer services are also not available in case of the commercial hotels. This is the main reason due to which it can be stated the commercial hotels are unable to provide authentic experience to the travellers as compared to the peer-to-peer hotel accommodations (Mody 2016). The main customer sector of the commercial hotels are the business travellers. The reason being that these travellers do not intend to extend their stay or have local experience of the area. However, the providers of home sharing networks are trying to capture this market in the near future. This can be a major threat to the operations of the hospitality indus try. The commercial hotels are now trying to capture the market by expanding their portfolios in various other areas and they are further introducing designs that can appeal to the various types of travellers (Mhlmann 2015). The commercial hotels have been compelled to changes their style of business to compete to the peer-to-peer hotel industry. The working environment in the hotels are being changed and the managers can now interact the guests in a casual manner. For example Hyatt Hotels and Resorts have taken these steps with the help of their new brand Hyatt Centric where the approaches related room service have been changed (Oskam and Boswijk 2016). The guests can order their food from the restaurants present within the hotels or the local restaurants and get it delivered in their rooms. This has helped the organization in providing facilities to the guests related to interaction with locals and taking advantage of the local cuisine as well. The interactions of the hotel staff and the guests are now much more natural as compared to the previous times (Scholz 2016). Types of hotels affected by the sharing economy The rise of shared accommodation related facilities in the Asia Pacific region has posed a threat on the commercial hotel industry. The major services providers in this industry who have an impact on the operations of the commercial hotel organizations are, Airbnb, FlipKey, HomeAway, Rommorama. The main advantage of these service providers is the low price that they are able to provide to the travellers and the guests (Schor 2016). The research has identified that the price of accommodation that is provided by shared services is 200% lower as compared to the commercial hotels in cities like, Jakarta, Shenzhen, Ho Chi Minh, Guangzhou, Manila and Jakarta. This has led to the decline in the sales of these hotels as the travellers prefer to use the shared services due to its low cost option. The commercial properties in New York and San Francisco are also facing the same issues due to the rise of shared economy (Schor and Fitzmaurice 2015). The lodging market has faced major changes after the advent of organizations like, Airbnb. The commercial hotels have been earning huge margins in their charges related to the rooms provided to the travellers. The main revenue of these hotels were earned during the time of festivals. The companies like Airbnb have provided many options for travellers who visit the areas the time if festivals so that they can plan their holidays in a more effective manner. The levels of competition between the traditional hotels and Airbnb have increased heavily (Zervas, Proserpio and Byers 2017). The traditional organizations therefore need to put more focus on the care that they are providing to the guests and finding out ways to extend their stay as well. The hotel industry needs to adapt to the changing needs of the consumers and try to enhance their stay in the hotels as well. The collaboration between the members of the team is important for the purpose of providing the best services to the gues ts. The increase in communication levels of the employees in the five star hotels can help in enhancing their profits. Debate on the response of three-star hotel in Adelaide to sharing economy The three-star hotel that is considered in the analysis is The Chifley on South Terrace. This is a hotel which is located in the heart of Adelaide. The organization aims at providing the right balance of comfort and convenience to the guests. The hotel is located in a favourable area where the various commercial areas of the city are located within a short distance. The commercial areas include, Victoria Square, Adelaide Central Market, South Parklands. The hotel provides all the modern amenities to the guests which include, cable programming, Wi-Fi, minibars and the facilities related to effective room service as well (Oskam and Boswijk 2016). The hotel provides high quality levels to the guests and they try to provide their services with respect to their needs. The hotel is located in the heart of the main city of Adelaide and the dining facilities are provided in their sister concern which is not quite far away. The organization provides various offers and facilities to the guests in the season time and at the time of various festivals. The hotel provides many offers which are customised according to the needs of the guests (Scholz 2016). The rooms of the hotel are packed with all the modern amenities that are required for the purpose of a comfortable and luxurious stay. The various types of rooms include from family rooms to deluxe rooms. The rooms also supply high-speed internet services for the convenience of the guests. The different types of levels include, deluxe room, standard twin, executive king, studio queen, junior suite, parklane suite and family room (Chifley on South Terrace, Adelaide 2018). The sales of the hotel have however been affected by the advent of the sharing accommodation related services that are provided by the organizations like, Airbnb. The rates of the various rooms in the hotel are quite high as has been depicted in the website. The luxury class and rates of the various services that are provided by the hotel are the major reasons behind the drop of revenues after the advent of shared accommodation. The guests will be attracted towards the services that are provided by the shared accommodation organizations as the rates are low (Schor 2016). This will have a negative impact on the sales of the hotel and the ways by which they can increase their revenues. The steps that can be taken by the organization to increase their sales and to compete with the organizations providing shared accommodation are related to changes that can be made in the strategies. The rates of the rooms and other amenities provided to the guests need to be lowered so that the hotel can attract more number of guests. The distribution related activities of the hotel can also be improved so that they can provide faster services to the guests. The hotel can attract guests with the help of special packages provided according to their preferences (Hamari, Sjklint and Ukkonen 2016). The management of the hotel needs to create an environment in the hotel where the guests can interact with the local residents of the area. The guests also need to have access to the local cuisine and food as well. The local food items need to be included in the menu of the hotel and the guests can be delivered the food to their respective rooms. The staff need to be trained so that they can interact openly with the guests and provide an atmosphere which is friendly in nature. In this manner, Chifley Hotels can create a competitive position in the industry. They will further be able to ma intain their profitable operations in the industry (Mody 2016). Conclusion The essay can be concluded by stating that the sharing economy and its various aspects have affected the sales and revenue of the commercial hotels. The hotel and hospitality industry has been under immense pressure after the advent of the sharing accommodation related services provided various organizations like Airbnb. The commercial hotels have however started devising strategies which can be helpful for the competition that they can provide to these accommodation services. The homely atmosphere, local interaction and the low costs provided by the sharing accommodation related organization have impacted the revenues of the commercial hotels. These services also need to be provided by the commercial hotels so that they can provide best services to the guests with low margins and rates. References Chifley on South Terrace, Adelaide. (2018).Rooms - Chifley on South Terrace, Adelaide. [online] Available at: https://www.nexthotels.com/chifley/south-terrace-adelaide/rooms/ [Accessed 27 Mar. 2018]. Cohen, M. and Sundararajan, A., 2015. Self-regulation and innovation in the peer-to-peer sharing economy.U. Chi. L. Rev. Dialogue,82, p.116. Cusumano, M.A., 2015. How traditional firms must compete in the sharing economy.Communications of the ACM,58(1), pp.32-34. Ert, E., Fleischer, A. and Magen, N., 2016. Trust and reputation in the sharing economy: The role of personal photos in Airbnb.Tourism Management,55, pp.62-73. Gursoy, D., 2017. Future of hospitality marketing and management research.Tourism Management Perspectives. Hamari, J., Sjklint, M. and Ukkonen, A., 2016. The sharing economy: Why people participate in collaborative consumption.Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology,67(9), pp.2047-2059. Interian, J., 2016. Up in the air: Harmonizing the sharing economy through Airbnb regulations.BC Int'l Comp. L. Rev.,39, p.129. Lu, C. and Kandampully, J., 2016. What drives customers to use access-based sharing options in the hospitality industry?.Research in Hospitality Management,6(2), pp.119-125. Matzler, K., Veider, V. and Kathan, W., 2015. Adapting to the sharing economy.MIT Sloan Management Review,56(2), p.71. Mittendorf, C. and Ostermann, U., 2017, January. Private vs. business customers in the sharing economyThe implications of trust, perceived risk, and social motives on Airbnb. InProceedings of the 50th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Mody, M., 2016. Creating Memorable Experiences: How hotels can fight back against Airbnb and other sharing economy providers.Boston Hospitality Review,4(2). Mhlmann, M., 2015. Collaborative consumption: determinants of satisfaction and the likelihood of using a sharing economy option again.Journal of Consumer Behaviour,14(3), pp.193-207. Oskam, J. and Boswijk, A., 2016. Airbnb: the future of networked hospitality businesses.Journal of Tourism Futures,2(1), pp.22-42. Scholz, T., 2016. Platform cooperativism. Challenging the corporate sharing economy. Schor, J., 2016. DEBATING THE SHARING ECONOMY.Journal of Self-Governance Management Economics,4(3). Schor, J.B. and Fitzmaurice, C.J., 2015. 26. Collaborating and connecting: the emergence of the sharing economy.Handbook of research on sustainable consumption,410. Zervas, G., Proserpio, D. and Byers, J.W., 2017. The rise of the sharing economy: Estimating the impact of Airbnb on the hotel industry.Journal of Marketing Research,54(5), pp.687-705